Examples of principles that do not promote learning are as follows:

  • text only e-learning pages
    Online text that does not include any graphics is not engaging to the learner. Text that is providing explanations without using media are confusing to the learner.

  • formal style of communication
    A formal style of communication is difficult for learners to relate to. When learners can relate to the speaker, the information becomes more personal and therefore more relevant.

  • continuous lessons that lump large quantities of information on a topic together.
    Information needs to be broken into smaller segments so that the learner can digest and understand new concepts. Too much information can overwhelm a learner and prevent him from understanding new information.

  • information without worked examples
    When learning a new concept, it overworks a student to have him practice examples without assistance. Worked examples are necessary to help learners understand how a problem is supposed to be solved.